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<h1>Authoring mathematical formulae</h1>
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<h2 class="subheading"></h2>
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Posted by
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Andreas Deininger
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on
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Sunday, July 6, 2025
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<h2 id="authoring-mathematical-and-chemical-equations">Authoring mathematical and chemical equations</h2>
|
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<p>Cleanwhite theme now has built-in <span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mtext>KaTeX</mtext></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\KaTeX</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8988em;vertical-align:-0.2155em;"></span><span class="mord text"><span class="mord textrm">K</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:-0.17em;"></span><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.6833em;"><span style="top:-2.905em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord textrm mtight sizing reset-size6 size3">A</span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:-0.15em;"></span><span class="mord text"><span class="mord textrm">T</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:-0.1667em;"></span><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.4678em;"><span style="top:-2.7845em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord textrm">E</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.2155em;"><span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:-0.125em;"></span><span class="mord textrm">X</span></span></span></span></span></span> support, so that you can easily include
|
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complex mathematical formulae into your web page, either inline or centred
|
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on its own line. The theme uses Hugo’s embedded instance of the KaTeX
|
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display engine to render mathematical markup to HTML at build time.
|
||
With this server side rendering of formulae, the same output is produced,
|
||
regardless of your browser or your environment.</p>
|
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<p><a href="https://www.latex-project.org/"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mtext>LaTeX</mtext></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\LaTeX</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8988em;vertical-align:-0.2155em;"></span><span class="mord text"><span class="mord textrm">L</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:-0.36em;"></span><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.6833em;"><span style="top:-2.905em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord textrm mtight sizing reset-size6 size3">A</span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:-0.15em;"></span><span class="mord text"><span class="mord textrm">T</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:-0.1667em;"></span><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.4678em;"><span style="top:-2.7845em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord textrm">E</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.2155em;"><span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:-0.125em;"></span><span class="mord textrm">X</span></span></span></span></span></span></a> is a high-quality typesetting
|
||
system for the production of technical and scientific documentation. Due to its
|
||
excellent math typesetting capabilities, <span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mtext>TeX</mtext></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\TeX</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8988em;vertical-align:-0.2155em;"></span><span class="mord text"><span class="mord textrm">T</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:-0.1667em;"></span><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.4678em;"><span style="top:-2.7845em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord textrm">E</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.2155em;"><span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:-0.125em;"></span><span class="mord textrm">X</span></span></span></span></span> became the de facto standard
|
||
for the communication and publication of scientific documents, especially if
|
||
these documents contain a lot of mathematical formulae. Designed and mostly
|
||
written by Donald Knuth, the initial version was released in 1978. Dating back
|
||
that far, <span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mtext>LaTeX</mtext></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\LaTeX</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8988em;vertical-align:-0.2155em;"></span><span class="mord text"><span class="mord textrm">L</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:-0.36em;"></span><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.6833em;"><span style="top:-2.905em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord textrm mtight sizing reset-size6 size3">A</span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:-0.15em;"></span><span class="mord text"><span class="mord textrm">T</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:-0.1667em;"></span><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.4678em;"><span style="top:-2.7845em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord textrm">E</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.2155em;"><span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:-0.125em;"></span><span class="mord textrm">X</span></span></span></span></span></span> has <code>pdf</code> as its primary output target and is not
|
||
particularly well suited for producing HTML output for the Web. Fortunately,
|
||
with <a href="https://katex.org/"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mtext>KaTeX</mtext></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\KaTeX</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8988em;vertical-align:-0.2155em;"></span><span class="mord text"><span class="mord textrm">K</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:-0.17em;"></span><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.6833em;"><span style="top:-2.905em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord textrm mtight sizing reset-size6 size3">A</span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:-0.15em;"></span><span class="mord text"><span class="mord textrm">T</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:-0.1667em;"></span><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.4678em;"><span style="top:-2.7845em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord textrm">E</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.2155em;"><span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:-0.125em;"></span><span class="mord textrm">X</span></span></span></span></span></span></a> there exists a fast and easy-to-use
|
||
JavaScript library for <span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mtext>TeX</mtext></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\TeX</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8988em;vertical-align:-0.2155em;"></span><span class="mord text"><span class="mord textrm">T</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:-0.1667em;"></span><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.4678em;"><span style="top:-2.7845em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord textrm">E</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.2155em;"><span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:-0.125em;"></span><span class="mord textrm">X</span></span></span></span></span> math rendering on the web, which is embedded
|
||
into Hugo as of Hugo version v0.132.0.</p>
|
||
<p>As already mentioned above, mathematical or chemical equations can be shown either inline or in display mode:</p>
|
||
<h3 id="inline-formulae">Inline formulae</h3>
|
||
<p>The following code sample produces a text line with three inline formulae:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#282a36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;-webkit-text-size-adjust:none;"><code class="language-tex" data-lang="tex"><span style="display:flex;"><span>When <span style="color:#f1fa8c">\(</span><span style="color:#8be9fd;font-style:italic">a </span><span style="color:#8be9fd;font-style:italic">\ne</span><span style="color:#8be9fd;font-style:italic"> </span><span style="color:#bd93f9">0</span><span style="color:#f1fa8c">\)</span>, there are two solutions to <span style="color:#f1fa8c">\(</span><span style="color:#8be9fd;font-style:italic">ax^</span><span style="color:#bd93f9">2</span><span style="color:#8be9fd;font-style:italic"> </span><span style="color:#ff79c6">+</span><span style="color:#8be9fd;font-style:italic"> bx </span><span style="color:#ff79c6">+</span><span style="color:#8be9fd;font-style:italic"> c</span><span style="color:#ff79c6">=</span><span style="color:#8be9fd;font-style:italic"> </span><span style="color:#bd93f9">0</span><span style="color:#f1fa8c">\)</span> and they are <span style="color:#f1fa8c">\(</span><span style="color:#8be9fd;font-style:italic">x </span><span style="color:#ff79c6">=</span><span style="color:#8be9fd;font-style:italic"> {</span><span style="color:#ff79c6">-</span><span style="color:#8be9fd;font-style:italic">b </span><span style="color:#8be9fd;font-style:italic">\pm</span><span style="color:#8be9fd;font-style:italic"> </span><span style="color:#8be9fd;font-style:italic">\sqrt</span><span style="color:#8be9fd;font-style:italic">{b^</span><span style="color:#bd93f9">2</span><span style="color:#ff79c6">-</span><span style="color:#bd93f9">4</span><span style="color:#8be9fd;font-style:italic">ac} </span><span style="color:#8be9fd;font-style:italic">\over</span><span style="color:#8be9fd;font-style:italic"> </span><span style="color:#bd93f9">2</span><span style="color:#8be9fd;font-style:italic">a}</span><span style="color:#f1fa8c">\)</span>.
|
||
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>When <span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>a</mi><mo mathvariant="normal">≠</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">a \ne 0</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">a</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel"><span class="mrel"><span class="mord vbox"><span class="thinbox"><span class="rlap"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="inner"><span class="mord"><span class="mrel"></span></span></span><span class="fix"></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mrel">=</span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.6444em;"></span><span class="mord">0</span></span></span></span>, there are two solutions to <span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>a</mi><msup><mi>x</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>+</mo><mi>b</mi><mi>x</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>c</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">ax^2 + bx + c= 0</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8974em;vertical-align:-0.0833em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">a</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">x</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8141em;"><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.7778em;vertical-align:-0.0833em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">b</span><span class="mord mathnormal">x</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.4306em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">c</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.6444em;"></span><span class="mord">0</span></span></span></span> and they are
|
||
<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>x</mi><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><mo>−</mo><mi>b</mi><mo>±</mo><msqrt><mrow><msup><mi>b</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>−</mo><mn>4</mn><mi>a</mi><mi>c</mi></mrow></msqrt></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn><mi>a</mi></mrow></mfrac></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">x = {-b \pm \sqrt{b^2-4ac} \over 2a}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.4306em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">x</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.3845em;vertical-align:-0.345em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.0395em;"><span style="top:-2.655em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">a</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.394em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">−</span><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">b</span><span class="mbin mtight">±</span><span class="mord sqrt mtight"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.9221em;"><span class="svg-align" style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord mtight" style="padding-left:0.833em;"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">b</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.7463em;"><span style="top:-2.786em;margin-right:0.0714em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mbin mtight">−</span><span class="mord mtight">4</span><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">a</span><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">c</span></span></span><span style="top:-2.8821em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="hide-tail mtight" style="min-width:0.853em;height:1.08em;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="400em" height="1.08em" viewBox="0 0 400000 1080" preserveAspectRatio="xMinYMin slice"><path d="M95,702
|
||
c-2.7,0,-7.17,-2.7,-13.5,-8c-5.8,-5.3,-9.5,-10,-9.5,-14
|
||
c0,-2,0.3,-3.3,1,-4c1.3,-2.7,23.83,-20.7,67.5,-54
|
||
c44.2,-33.3,65.8,-50.3,66.5,-51c1.3,-1.3,3,-2,5,-2c4.7,0,8.7,3.3,12,10
|
||
s173,378,173,378c0.7,0,35.3,-71,104,-213c68.7,-142,137.5,-285,206.5,-429
|
||
c69,-144,104.5,-217.7,106.5,-221
|
||
l0 -0
|
||
c5.3,-9.3,12,-14,20,-14
|
||
H400000v40H845.2724
|
||
s-225.272,467,-225.272,467s-235,486,-235,486c-2.7,4.7,-9,7,-19,7
|
||
c-6,0,-10,-1,-12,-3s-194,-422,-194,-422s-65,47,-65,47z
|
||
M834 80h400000v40h-400000z"/></svg></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.1179em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.345em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span></span></span>.</p>
|
||
<h3 id="formulae-in-display-mode">Formulae in display mode</h3>
|
||
<p>The following code sample produces an introductory text line followed by a
|
||
formula numbered as <code>(1)</code> residing on its own line:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#282a36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;-webkit-text-size-adjust:none;"><code class="language-markdown" data-lang="markdown"><span style="display:flex;"><span>The probability of getting \(k\) heads when flipping \(n\) coins is:
|
||
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>\[
|
||
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>\tag*{(1)} P(E) = {n \choose k} p^k (1-p)^{n-k}
|
||
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>\]
|
||
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>As an alternative to the standard syntax used above, formulae can also be
|
||
authored using a <a href="https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/markdown.html#math">GLFM math block</a>:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#282a36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;-webkit-text-size-adjust:none;"><code class="language-markdown" data-lang="markdown"><span style="display:flex;"><span>The probability of getting \(k\) heads when flipping \(n\) coins is:
|
||
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>
|
||
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#f1fa8c">```math
|
||
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>\tag*{(1)} P(E) = {n \choose k} p^k (1-p)^{n-k}
|
||
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#f1fa8c">```</span>
|
||
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>Both standard syntax and <code>math</code> block render to the same formula:</p>
|
||
<p>The probability of getting <span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>k</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">k</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.6944em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03148em;">k</span></span></span></span> heads when flipping <span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">n</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.4306em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">n</span></span></span></span> coins is:</p>
|
||
<span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"><semantics><mtable width="100%"><mtr><mtd width="50%"></mtd><mtd><mrow><mi>P</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>E</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>=</mo><mrow><mo fence="true">(</mo><mfrac linethickness="0px"><mi>n</mi><mi>k</mi></mfrac><mo fence="true">)</mo></mrow><msup><mi>p</mi><mi>k</mi></msup><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>−</mo><mi>p</mi><msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>k</mi></mrow></msup></mrow></mtd><mtd width="50%"></mtd><mtd><mtext>(1)</mtext></mtd></mtr></mtable><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\tag*{(1)} P(E) = {n \choose k} p^k (1-p)^{n-k}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.13889em;">P</span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.05764em;">E</span><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.4em;vertical-align:-0.95em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mopen delimcenter" style="top:0em;"><span class="delimsizing size3">(</span></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.1076em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03148em;">k</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">n</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose delimcenter" style="top:0em;"><span class="delimsizing size3">)</span></span></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">p</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8991em;"><span style="top:-3.113em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.03148em;">k</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord">1</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.1491em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">p</span><span class="mclose"><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8991em;"><span style="top:-3.113em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">n</span><span class="mbin mtight">−</span><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.03148em;">k</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="tag"><span class="strut" style="height:2.4em;vertical-align:-0.95em;"></span><span class="mord text"><span class="mord">(1)</span></span></span></span></span></span><p>This <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Mathematics">wiki page</a> provides in-depth
|
||
information about typesetting mathematical formulae using the <span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mtext>LaTeX</mtext></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\LaTeX</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8988em;vertical-align:-0.2155em;"></span><span class="mord text"><span class="mord textrm">L</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:-0.36em;"></span><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.6833em;"><span style="top:-2.905em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord textrm mtight sizing reset-size6 size3">A</span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:-0.15em;"></span><span class="mord text"><span class="mord textrm">T</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:-0.1667em;"></span><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.4678em;"><span style="top:-2.7845em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord textrm">E</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.2155em;"><span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:-0.125em;"></span><span class="mord textrm">X</span></span></span></span></span></span>
|
||
typesetting system.</p>
|
||
<h3 id="activating-katex-support">Activating KaTeX support</h3>
|
||
<h4 id="enable-passthrough-extension">Enable <code>passthrough</code> extension</h4>
|
||
<p>All you have to do is to enable and configure the goldmark <code>passthrough</code> extension
|
||
inside your <code>hugo.toml</code>/<code>hugo.yaml</code>/<code>hugo.json</code>. You may want to edit the definition of the delimiters to
|
||
meet your own needs. For details, see the official
|
||
<a href="https://gohugo.io/content-management/mathematics/#step-1">Hugo docs</a>.</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#282a36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;-webkit-text-size-adjust:none;"><code class="language-toml" data-lang="toml"><span style="display:flex;"><span>[markup]
|
||
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> [markup.goldmark]
|
||
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> [markup.goldmark.extensions]
|
||
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> [markup.goldmark.extensions.passthrough]
|
||
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> enable = <span style="color:#ff79c6">true</span>
|
||
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> [markup.goldmark.extensions.passthrough.delimiters]
|
||
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> block = [[<span style="color:#f1fa8c">'\['</span>, <span style="color:#f1fa8c">'\]'</span>], [<span style="color:#f1fa8c">'$$'</span>, <span style="color:#f1fa8c">'$$'</span>]]
|
||
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> inline = [[<span style="color:#f1fa8c">'\('</span>, <span style="color:#f1fa8c">'\)'</span>]]
|
||
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>Internally, cleanwhite theme creates and uses Hugo’s <code>render-passthrough</code>
|
||
<a href="https://gohugo.io/render-hooks/passthrough/">hook</a> when generating math
|
||
equations at build-time. This hook is part of the theme, no need for any user action.</p>
|
||
<h4 id="media-types-for-download-of-katex-fonts">Media types for download of KaTeX fonts</h4>
|
||
<p>Just for your information, no need for any action from you as user:
|
||
KaTeX brings its own font files for rendering mathematical formulae.
|
||
In order to enable the download of these font files locally during build time, two
|
||
additional <a href="https://gohugo.io/configuration/media-types/#create-a-media-type">media types</a>
|
||
had to be created by adding the lines below to the <code>hugo.toml</code> configuration file of the cleanwhite theme:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#282a36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;-webkit-text-size-adjust:none;"><code class="language-toml" data-lang="toml"><span style="display:flex;"><span>mediaTypes:
|
||
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> font/woff:
|
||
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> suffixes:
|
||
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> - woff
|
||
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> font/woff2:
|
||
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> suffixes:
|
||
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> - woff2
|
||
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>With the <code>passthrough</code> extension enabled and the media types defined, support
|
||
of <span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mtext>KaTeX</mtext></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\KaTeX</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8988em;vertical-align:-0.2155em;"></span><span class="mord text"><span class="mord textrm">K</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:-0.17em;"></span><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.6833em;"><span style="top:-2.905em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord textrm mtight sizing reset-size6 size3">A</span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:-0.15em;"></span><span class="mord text"><span class="mord textrm">T</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:-0.1667em;"></span><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.4678em;"><span style="top:-2.7845em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord textrm">E</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.2155em;"><span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:-0.125em;"></span><span class="mord textrm">X</span></span></span></span></span></span> is automatically enabled when you author a <code>math</code> code block on
|
||
your page or when you add a mathematical formula to your page using one of the
|
||
passthrough delimiter pairs defined above.</p>
|
||
<h3 id="display-of-chemical-equations-and-physical-units">Display of Chemical Equations and Physical Units</h3>
|
||
<p><a href="https://www.ctan.org/pkg/mhchem">mhchem</a> is a <span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mtext>LaTeX</mtext></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\LaTeX</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8988em;vertical-align:-0.2155em;"></span><span class="mord text"><span class="mord textrm">L</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:-0.36em;"></span><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.6833em;"><span style="top:-2.905em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord textrm mtight sizing reset-size6 size3">A</span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:-0.15em;"></span><span class="mord text"><span class="mord textrm">T</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:-0.1667em;"></span><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.4678em;"><span style="top:-2.7845em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord textrm">E</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.2155em;"><span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:-0.125em;"></span><span class="mord textrm">X</span></span></span></span></span></span> package for
|
||
typesetting chemical molecular formulae and equations. Fortunately, <span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mtext>KaTeX</mtext></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\KaTeX</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8988em;vertical-align:-0.2155em;"></span><span class="mord text"><span class="mord textrm">K</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:-0.17em;"></span><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.6833em;"><span style="top:-2.905em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord textrm mtight sizing reset-size6 size3">A</span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:-0.15em;"></span><span class="mord text"><span class="mord textrm">T</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:-0.1667em;"></span><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.4678em;"><span style="top:-2.7845em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord textrm">E</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.2155em;"><span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:-0.125em;"></span><span class="mord textrm">X</span></span></span></span></span></span>
|
||
provides the <code>mhchem</code>
|
||
<a href="https://github.com/KaTeX/KaTeX/tree/main/contrib/mhchem">extension</a> that makes
|
||
the <code>mhchem</code> package accessible when authoring content for the web. As of hugo
|
||
version v0.144.0, the <code>mhchem</code> extension is enabled in Hugo’s embedded KaTeX
|
||
instance by default, therefore you can easily include chemical equations into
|
||
your page. An equation can be shown either inline or can reside on its own line.
|
||
The following code sample produces a text line including an inline chemical
|
||
equation:</p>
|
||
<pre tabindex="0"><code class="language-mhchem" data-lang="mhchem">*Precipitation of barium sulfate:* \(\ce{SO4^2- + Ba^2+ -> BaSO4 v}\)
|
||
</code></pre><p><em>Precipitation of barium sulfate:</em> <span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi></mrow><msub><mpadded width="0px"><mphantom><mi>X</mi></mphantom></mpadded><mpadded height="0px"><mn>4</mn></mpadded></msub><msup><mpadded width="0px"><mphantom><mi>X</mi></mphantom></mpadded><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>−</mo></mrow></msup><mrow></mrow><mo>+</mo><mrow></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi></mrow><msup><mpadded width="0px"><mphantom><mi>X</mi></mphantom></mpadded><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup><mover><mo stretchy="true" minsize="3.0em">→</mo><mpadded width="+0.6em" lspace="0.3em"><mrow></mrow></mpadded></mover><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi></mrow><msub><mpadded width="0px"><mphantom><mi>X</mi></mphantom></mpadded><mpadded height="0px"><mn>4</mn></mpadded></msub><mo>↓</mo><mrow></mrow></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\ce{SO4^2- + Ba^2+ -> BaSO4 v}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.0818em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathrm">SO</span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord rlap"><span class="inner"><span class="mord" style="color:transparent;"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.07847em;color:transparent;">X</span></span></span><span class="fix"></span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:-0.15em;"><span style="top:-2.55em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0em;"><span style="top:-2.7em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">4</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord rlap"><span class="inner"><span class="mord" style="color:transparent;"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.07847em;color:transparent;">X</span></span></span><span class="fix"></span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8873em;"><span style="top:-3.1362em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span><span class="mord mtight">−</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord"></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span><span class="mord"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathrm">Ba</span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord rlap"><span class="inner"><span class="mord" style="color:transparent;"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.07847em;color:transparent;">X</span></span></span><span class="fix"></span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8873em;"><span style="top:-3.1362em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span><span class="mord mtight">+</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel x-arrow"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.622em;"><span style="top:-3.144em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.522em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight x-arrow-pad"><span class="mord mtight"></span></span></span><span class="svg-align" style="top:-2.511em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.522em;"></span><span class="hide-tail" style="height:0.522em;min-width:1.469em;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="400em" height="0.522em" viewBox="0 0 400000 522" preserveAspectRatio="xMaxYMin slice"><path d="M0 241v40h399891c-47.3 35.3-84 78-110 128
|
||
-16.7 32-27.7 63.7-33 95 0 1.3-.2 2.7-.5 4-.3 1.3-.5 2.3-.5 3 0 7.3 6.7 11 20
|
||
11 8 0 13.2-.8 15.5-2.5 2.3-1.7 4.2-5.5 5.5-11.5 2-13.3 5.7-27 11-41 14.7-44.7
|
||
39-84.5 73-119.5s73.7-60.2 119-75.5c6-2 9-5.7 9-11s-3-9-9-11c-45.3-15.3-85
|
||
-40.5-119-75.5s-58.3-74.8-73-119.5c-4.7-14-8.3-27.3-11-40-1.3-6.7-3.2-10.8-5.5
|
||
-12.5-2.3-1.7-7.5-2.5-15.5-2.5-14 0-21 3.7-21 11 0 2 2 10.3 6 25 20.7 83.3 67
|
||
151.7 139 205zm0 0v40h399900v-40z"/></svg></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.011em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathrm">BaSO</span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord rlap"><span class="inner"><span class="mord" style="color:transparent;"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.07847em;color:transparent;">X</span></span></span><span class="fix"></span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:-0.15em;"><span style="top:-2.55em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0em;"><span style="top:-2.7em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">4</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">↓</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mord"></span></span></span></span></span></p>
|
||
<p>More complex equations can be displayed on their own line using the block
|
||
delimiters defined:</p>
|
||
<!-- prettier-ignore-start -->
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#282a36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;-webkit-text-size-adjust:none;"><code class="language-markdown" data-lang="markdown"><span style="display:flex;"><span>\[
|
||
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>\tag*{(2)} \ce{Zn^2+ <=>[+ 2OH-][+ 2H+] $\underset{\text{amphoteric hydroxide}}{\ce{Zn(OH)2 v}}$ <=>[+ 2OH-][+ 2H+] $\underset{\text{tetrahydroxozincate}}{\ce{[Zn(OH)4]^2-}}$}
|
||
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>\]
|
||
</span></span></code></pre></div><!-- prettier-ignore-end -->
|
||
<p>Alternatively, you can use a code block adorned with <code>chem</code> in order to render
|
||
the equation:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#282a36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;-webkit-text-size-adjust:none;"><code class="language-markdown" data-lang="markdown"><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#f1fa8c">```chem
|
||
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>\tag*{(2)} \ce{Zn^2+ <=>[+ 2OH-][+ 2H+] $\underset{\text{amphoteric hydroxide}}{\ce{Zn(OH)2 v}}$ <=>[+ 2OH-][+ 2H+] $\underset{\text{tetrahydroxozincate}}{\ce{[Zn(OH)4]^2-}}$}
|
||
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#f1fa8c">```</span>
|
||
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>Both standard syntax and <code>chem</code> block renders to the same equation:</p>
|
||
<!-- prettier-ignore-start -->
|
||
<span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"><semantics><mtable width="100%"><mtr><mtd width="50%"></mtd><mtd><mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">Z</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi></mrow><msup><mpadded width="0px"><mphantom><mi>X</mi></mphantom></mpadded><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup><munderover><mo stretchy="true" minsize="3.0em">⇌</mo><mpadded width="+0.6em" lspace="0.3em"><mrow><mrow></mrow><mo>+</mo><mrow></mrow><mn>2</mn><mtext> </mtext><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi><msup><mpadded width="0px"><mphantom><mi>X</mi></mphantom></mpadded><mo lspace="0em" rspace="0em">+</mo></msup></mrow></mpadded><mpadded width="+0.6em" lspace="0.3em"><mrow><mrow></mrow><mo>+</mo><mrow></mrow><mn>2</mn><mtext> </mtext><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi></mrow><msup><mpadded width="0px"><mphantom><mi>X</mi></mphantom></mpadded><mo lspace="0em" rspace="0em">−</mo></msup></mrow></mpadded></munderover><mi><munder><mo><mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">Z</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi></mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi></mrow><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><msub><mpadded width="0px"><mphantom><mi>X</mi></mphantom></mpadded><mpadded height="0px"><mn>2</mn></mpadded></msub><mo>↓</mo><mrow></mrow></mrow></mo><mtext>amphoteric hydroxide</mtext></munder></mi><munderover><mo stretchy="true" minsize="3.0em">⇌</mo><mpadded width="+0.6em" lspace="0.3em"><mrow><mrow></mrow><mo>+</mo><mrow></mrow><mn>2</mn><mtext> </mtext><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi><msup><mpadded width="0px"><mphantom><mi>X</mi></mphantom></mpadded><mo lspace="0em" rspace="0em">+</mo></msup></mrow></mpadded><mpadded width="+0.6em" lspace="0.3em"><mrow><mrow></mrow><mo>+</mo><mrow></mrow><mn>2</mn><mtext> </mtext><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi></mrow><msup><mpadded width="0px"><mphantom><mi>X</mi></mphantom></mpadded><mo lspace="0em" rspace="0em">−</mo></msup></mrow></mpadded></munderover><mi><munder><mo><mrow><mo stretchy="false">[</mo><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">Z</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi></mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi></mrow><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><msub><mpadded width="0px"><mphantom><mi>X</mi></mphantom></mpadded><mpadded height="0px"><mn>4</mn></mpadded></msub><mo stretchy="false">]</mo><msup><mpadded width="0px"><mphantom><mi>X</mi></mphantom></mpadded><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>−</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></mo><mtext>tetrahydroxozincate</mtext></munder></mi></mrow></mtd><mtd width="50%"></mtd><mtd><mtext>(2)</mtext></mtd></mtr></mtable><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">
|
||
\tag*{(2)} \ce{Zn^2+ <=>[+ 2OH-][+ 2H+] $\underset{\text{amphoteric hydroxide}}{\ce{Zn(OH)2 v}}$ <=>[+ 2OH-][+ 2H+] $\underset{\text{tetrahydroxozincate}}{\ce{[Zn(OH)4]^2-}}$}
|
||
</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.4506em;vertical-align:-1.1382em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathrm">Zn</span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord rlap"><span class="inner"><span class="mord" style="color:transparent;"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.07847em;color:transparent;">X</span></span></span><span class="fix"></span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8873em;"><span style="top:-3.1362em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span><span class="mord mtight">+</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel x-arrow"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.3124em;"><span style="top:-3.435em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.716em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight x-arrow-pad"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight"></span><span class="mbin mtight">+</span><span class="mord mtight"></span><span class="mord mtight">2</span><span class="mspace mtight" style="margin-right:0.1952em;"></span><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathrm mtight">OH</span></span><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord rlap mtight"><span class="inner"><span class="mord mtight" style="color:transparent;"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.07847em;color:transparent;">X</span></span></span><span class="fix"></span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8477em;"><span style="top:-2.931em;margin-right:0.0714em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">−</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="svg-align" style="top:-2.608em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.716em;"></span><span class="stretchy" style="height:0.716em;min-width:1.75em;"><span class="halfarrow-left" style="height:0.716em;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="400em" height="0.716em" viewBox="0 0 400000 716" preserveAspectRatio="xMinYMin slice"><path d="M7 435c-4 4-6.3 8.7-7 14 0 5.3.7 9 2 11s5.3 5.3 12
|
||
10c90.7 54 156 130 196 228 3.3 10.7 6.3 16.3 9 17 2 .7 5 1 9 1h5c10.7 0 16.7
|
||
-2 18-6 2-2.7 1-9.7-3-21-32-87.3-82.7-157.7-152-211l-3-3h399907v-40H7zm93 0
|
||
v40h399900v-40zM0 241v40h399900v-40zm0 0v40h399900v-40z"/></svg></span><span class="halfarrow-right" style="height:0.716em;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="400em" height="0.716em" viewBox="0 0 400000 716" preserveAspectRatio="xMaxYMin slice"><path d="M0 241v40h399993c4.7-4.7 7-9.3 7-14 0-9.3-3.7-15.3-11
|
||
-18-92.7-56.7-159-133.7-199-231-3.3-9.3-6-14.7-8-16-2-1.3-7-2-15-2-10.7 0-16.7
|
||
2-18 6-2 2.7-1 9.7 3 21 15.3 42 36.7 81.8 64 119.5 27.3 37.7 58 69.2 92 94.5z
|
||
m0 0v40h399900v-40z m100 194v40h399900v-40zm0 0v40h399900v-40z"/></svg></span></span></span><span style="top:-1.974em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.716em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight x-arrow-pad"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight"></span><span class="mbin mtight">+</span><span class="mord mtight"></span><span class="mord mtight">2</span><span class="mspace mtight" style="margin-right:0.1952em;"></span><span class="mord mathrm mtight">H</span><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord rlap mtight"><span class="inner"><span class="mord mtight" style="color:transparent;"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.07847em;color:transparent;">X</span></span></span><span class="fix"></span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.7471em;"><span style="top:-2.8305em;margin-right:0.0714em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">+</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8003em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mop op-limits"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.75em;"><span style="top:-2.0979em;margin-left:0em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord text mtight"><span class="mord mtight">amphoteric hydroxide</span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span><span class="mop"><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathrm">Zn</span></span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathrm">OH</span></span><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord rlap"><span class="inner"><span class="mord" style="color:transparent;"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.07847em;color:transparent;">X</span></span></span><span class="fix"></span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:-0.15em;"><span style="top:-2.55em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0em;"><span style="top:-2.7em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">↓</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mord"></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.1382em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel x-arrow"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.3124em;"><span style="top:-3.435em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.716em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight x-arrow-pad"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight"></span><span class="mbin mtight">+</span><span class="mord mtight"></span><span class="mord mtight">2</span><span class="mspace mtight" style="margin-right:0.1952em;"></span><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathrm mtight">OH</span></span><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord rlap mtight"><span class="inner"><span class="mord mtight" style="color:transparent;"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.07847em;color:transparent;">X</span></span></span><span class="fix"></span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8477em;"><span style="top:-2.931em;margin-right:0.0714em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">−</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="svg-align" style="top:-2.608em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.716em;"></span><span class="stretchy" style="height:0.716em;min-width:1.75em;"><span class="halfarrow-left" style="height:0.716em;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="400em" height="0.716em" viewBox="0 0 400000 716" preserveAspectRatio="xMinYMin slice"><path d="M7 435c-4 4-6.3 8.7-7 14 0 5.3.7 9 2 11s5.3 5.3 12
|
||
10c90.7 54 156 130 196 228 3.3 10.7 6.3 16.3 9 17 2 .7 5 1 9 1h5c10.7 0 16.7
|
||
-2 18-6 2-2.7 1-9.7-3-21-32-87.3-82.7-157.7-152-211l-3-3h399907v-40H7zm93 0
|
||
v40h399900v-40zM0 241v40h399900v-40zm0 0v40h399900v-40z"/></svg></span><span class="halfarrow-right" style="height:0.716em;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="400em" height="0.716em" viewBox="0 0 400000 716" preserveAspectRatio="xMaxYMin slice"><path d="M0 241v40h399993c4.7-4.7 7-9.3 7-14 0-9.3-3.7-15.3-11
|
||
-18-92.7-56.7-159-133.7-199-231-3.3-9.3-6-14.7-8-16-2-1.3-7-2-15-2-10.7 0-16.7
|
||
2-18 6-2 2.7-1 9.7 3 21 15.3 42 36.7 81.8 64 119.5 27.3 37.7 58 69.2 92 94.5z
|
||
m0 0v40h399900v-40z m100 194v40h399900v-40zm0 0v40h399900v-40z"/></svg></span></span></span><span style="top:-1.974em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.716em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight x-arrow-pad"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight"></span><span class="mbin mtight">+</span><span class="mord mtight"></span><span class="mord mtight">2</span><span class="mspace mtight" style="margin-right:0.1952em;"></span><span class="mord mathrm mtight">H</span><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord rlap mtight"><span class="inner"><span class="mord mtight" style="color:transparent;"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.07847em;color:transparent;">X</span></span></span><span class="fix"></span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.7471em;"><span style="top:-2.8305em;margin-right:0.0714em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">+</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8003em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mop op-limits"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8873em;"><span style="top:-2.0979em;margin-left:0em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord text mtight"><span class="mord mtight">tetrahydroxozincate</span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span><span class="mop"><span class="mord"><span class="mopen">[</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathrm">Zn</span></span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathrm">OH</span></span><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord rlap"><span class="inner"><span class="mord" style="color:transparent;"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.07847em;color:transparent;">X</span></span></span><span class="fix"></span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:-0.15em;"><span style="top:-2.55em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0em;"><span style="top:-2.7em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">4</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose">]</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord rlap"><span class="inner"><span class="mord" style="color:transparent;"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.07847em;color:transparent;">X</span></span></span><span class="fix"></span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8873em;"><span style="top:-3.1362em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span><span class="mord mtight">−</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.1382em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="tag"><span class="strut" style="height:2.4506em;vertical-align:-1.1382em;"></span><span class="mord text"><span class="mord">(2)</span></span></span></span></span></span><!-- prettier-ignore-end -->
|
||
<p>The <a href="https://mhchem.github.io/MathJax-mhchem/">manual</a> for mchem’s input syntax
|
||
provides in-depth information about typesetting chemical formulae and physical
|
||
units using the <code>mhchem</code> tool.</p>
|
||
<p>Use of <code>mhchem</code> is not limited to the authoring of chemical equations. By using
|
||
the included <code>\pu</code> command, pretty looking physical units can be written with
|
||
ease, too. The following code sample produces two text lines with four numbers
|
||
plus their corresponding physical units:</p>
|
||
<pre tabindex="0"><code class="language-mhchem" data-lang="mhchem">* Scientific number notation: \(\pu{1.2e3 kJ}\) or \(\pu{1.2E3 kJ}\) \\
|
||
* Divisions: \(\pu{123 kJ/mol}\) or \(\pu{123 kJ//mol}\)
|
||
</code></pre><ul>
|
||
<li>Scientific number notation: <span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mn>1.2</mn><mo>⋅</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mn>3</mn></msup><mtext> </mtext><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">k</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">J</mi></mrow></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\pu{1.2e3 kJ}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8141em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">1.2</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span><span class="mbin">⋅</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span><span class="mord">1</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">0</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8141em;"><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">3</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace nobreak"> </span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathrm">kJ</span></span></span></span></span></span> or <span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mn>1.2</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mn>3</mn></msup><mtext> </mtext><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">k</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">J</mi></mrow></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\pu{1.2E3 kJ}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8974em;vertical-align:-0.0833em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">1.2</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span><span class="mbin">×</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span><span class="mord">1</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">0</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8141em;"><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">3</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace nobreak"> </span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathrm">kJ</span></span></span></span></span></span></li>
|
||
<li>Divisions: <span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mn>123</mn><mtext> </mtext><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">k</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">J</mi></mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">/</mi><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">o</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi></mrow></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\pu{123 kJ/mol}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">123</span><span class="mspace nobreak"> </span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathrm">kJ</span></span><span class="mord">/</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathrm">mol</span></span></span></span></span></span> or <span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mn>123</mn><mtext> </mtext><mfrac><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">k</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">J</mi></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">o</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi></mrow></mfrac></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\pu{123 kJ//mol}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.2251em;vertical-align:-0.345em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">123</span><span class="mspace nobreak"> </span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8801em;"><span style="top:-2.655em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathrm mtight">mol</span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.394em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathrm mtight">kJ</span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.345em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span></span></span></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>For a complete list of options when authoring physical units, have a look at the
|
||
<a href="https://mhchem.github.io/MathJax-mhchem/#pu">section</a> on physical units in the
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||
<code>mhchem</code> documentation.</p>
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<a target="_blank" href="https://stackoverflow.com/users/yourstackoverflowid">
|
||
<span class="fa-stack fa-lg">
|
||
<i class="fas fa-circle fa-stack-2x"></i>
|
||
<i class="fab fa-stack-overflow fa-stack-1x fa-inverse"></i>
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href='' rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="David Young" >
|
||
<span class="fa-stack fa-lg">
|
||
<i class="fas fa-circle fa-stack-2x"></i>
|
||
<i class="fas fa-rss fa-stack-1x fa-inverse"></i>
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p class="copyright text-muted">
|
||
Copyright © David Young 2026
|
||
|
||
<br>
|
||
<a href="https://themes.gohugo.io/hugo-theme-cleanwhite">CleanWhite Hugo Theme</a> by <a href="https://zhaohuabing.com">Huabing</a> |
|
||
<iframe
|
||
style="margin-left: 2px; margin-bottom:-5px;"
|
||
frameborder="0" scrolling="0" width="100px" height="20px"
|
||
src="https://ghbtns.com/github-btn.html?user=zhaohuabing&repo=hugo-theme-cleanwhite&type=star&count=true" >
|
||
</iframe>
|
||
|
||
</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</footer>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<script>
|
||
function loadAsync(u, c) {
|
||
var d = document, t = 'script',
|
||
o = d.createElement(t),
|
||
s = d.getElementsByTagName(t)[0];
|
||
o.src = u;
|
||
if (c) { o.addEventListener('load', function (e) { c(null, e); }, false); }
|
||
s.parentNode.insertBefore(o, s);
|
||
}
|
||
</script>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<script>
|
||
|
||
if($('#tag_cloud').length !== 0){
|
||
loadAsync("/js/jquery.tagcloud.js",function(){
|
||
$.fn.tagcloud.defaults = {
|
||
|
||
color: {start: '#bbbbee', end: '#0085a1'},
|
||
};
|
||
$('#tag_cloud a').tagcloud();
|
||
})
|
||
}
|
||
</script>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<script>
|
||
(function() {
|
||
function updateTagcloudColors() {
|
||
const isDark = document.documentElement.getAttribute('data-theme') === 'dark';
|
||
const startColor = isDark ? '#808080' : '#bbbbee';
|
||
if($('#tag_cloud').length !== 0 && $.fn.tagcloud) {
|
||
$.fn.tagcloud.defaults = {
|
||
color: {start: startColor, end: '#0085a1'},
|
||
};
|
||
$('#tag_cloud a').tagcloud();
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
|
||
$(document).ready(function() {
|
||
updateTagcloudColors();
|
||
});
|
||
|
||
|
||
const observer = new MutationObserver(function(mutations) {
|
||
mutations.forEach(function(mutation) {
|
||
if (mutation.attributeName === 'data-theme') {
|
||
updateTagcloudColors();
|
||
}
|
||
});
|
||
});
|
||
|
||
observer.observe(document.documentElement, {
|
||
attributes: true,
|
||
attributeFilter: ['data-theme']
|
||
});
|
||
})();
|
||
</script>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<script>
|
||
loadAsync("https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/fastclick@1.0.6/lib/fastclick.min.js", function(){
|
||
var $nav = document.querySelector("nav");
|
||
if($nav) FastClick.attach($nav);
|
||
})
|
||
</script>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<script src="/js/theme-toggle.js"></script>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<script type="text/javascript">
|
||
function generateCatalog(selector) {
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
_containerSelector = 'div.post-container'
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
var P = $(_containerSelector), a, n, t, l, i, c;
|
||
a = P.find('h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6');
|
||
|
||
|
||
$(selector).html('')
|
||
|
||
|
||
a.each(function () {
|
||
n = $(this).prop('tagName').toLowerCase();
|
||
i = "#" + $(this).prop('id');
|
||
t = $(this).text();
|
||
c = $('<a href="' + i + '" rel="nofollow" title="' + t + '">' + t + '</a>');
|
||
l = $('<li class="' + n + '_nav"></li>').append(c);
|
||
$(selector).append(l);
|
||
});
|
||
return true;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
generateCatalog(".catalog-body");
|
||
|
||
|
||
$(".catalog-toggle").click((function (e) {
|
||
e.preventDefault();
|
||
$('.side-catalog').toggleClass("fold")
|
||
}))
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
loadAsync("\/js\/jquery.nav.js", function () {
|
||
$('.catalog-body').onePageNav({
|
||
currentClass: "active",
|
||
changeHash: !1,
|
||
easing: "swing",
|
||
filter: "",
|
||
scrollSpeed: 700,
|
||
scrollOffset: 0,
|
||
scrollThreshold: .2,
|
||
begin: null,
|
||
end: null,
|
||
scrollChange: null,
|
||
padding: 80
|
||
});
|
||
});
|
||
</script>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</body>
|
||
</html>
|